Continuity

Continuity - The key word is continue to make things continuous.

Continuity Errors:
- Shots/angles
- Props
- Costume
- Lighting 

Continuity Editing - The most common type of editing which aims to create a sense of reality and time moving forward.
Also known as invisible editing referring to how the technique does not draw attention to the editing process but allows the audience to concentrate on the narrative.
In a film, an insert shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot (original/establishing shot) inters cover action already covered in the master shot, but emphasise a different aspect of that action due to the different framing.
An inster differs from a cutaway as cutaways cover action not covered by the master shot.

Technique/rules of continuity:
- 180 degrees angle - To orientate the viewer, to establish the placement of characters. Breaking the 180 degree rule will place the characters in a different place.

- Match on action - Multiple cuts to show continuous action. Match on action is part of the invisible editing which creates flow when watching a scene. The cut matches together so that the audience know its one action.

- Shot reverse shot. Is when a shot goes from shot A, shot B, shot A, shot B etc.. 
It goes continuously back and forth between the 2 shots to show there is a connection between them.
It is often used in conversations so you can see what both characters are saying.
It is a form of eye-line matching if the character is looking at someone and the next shot is what they look at.
Imagine if a conversation was just 1 shot of character A and didn't see character B's face at all?

- Eye line match is a following shot that follows what the character is looking at, makes cuts smoother the audience expects the cut to happen and is eager to see what happens next/what the character sees.

- Cross cutting or parallel editing is technique of continuously altering 2 or more scenes that often happen simultaneously (at the same time) but in different locations.
As they cross, pace gradually gets faster and fast and tension builds. Often the parallel scenes will intersect to create a climax.

- Cut away is a video scene that cuts away to relevant images or footage.
Often used in documentaries or in a film when a vital piece of information is needed to show the audience. Usually the dialog or voice will continue during the cutaway (to keep it continuous)
it is used to have variety in the visuals.

- Type of pace
Slow - to make slow/calm/still, little number of shots/cuts which are long.
Medium - to make normal and comfortable 
Fast - to make intense exciting and thrilling, lots of shot/cuts which are short.

- Time
Story time: Time of the events ( a film over 50 years )
Discourse time: Time taken to narrate the event (how long do you tell the story?)
Summary: Disclosure shorter than story. 
Ellipsis: Establishing discourse time rather than story.
Scene: Story and discourse time are equal to show realism.
Stretch: discourse is longer than story.
Flashback: Character has a flashback which is thought or memory in the past.
Flash forward: When audience are shown the future scenes or events.

- Time allocation
Remember the audience will not see everything, things are edited in order they get to see what is important.

- Transitions 
Straight cutting: To show realism, in conversation.
Graphic match: When 2 shots match graphically, often with an over lap transition.
Over lap/dissolve: Makes a softer transition, to show ellipse or time passing.
Wipe: Often used to show new day or new scene/location.
Fade in/out: (Fade to black or appear from black - often used to communicate ending or beginning)
Flash- To show flashbacks or flash forwards (to show thoughts or memories) 

- Special Effects
Black and White: Memory or time period.
Contrast: To alter the lighting (or contrast = very light lights and dark darks)
Colour: To add colour filter to show a specific mood.
Animation: Titles of shows or cartoons.
CGI: Computer generated images.
Fast forward/slow motion: Speeding up or slowing down footage.
Ghost trail: See multiple actions (overlapped) to show someone drunk or on drugs.
Blur: To show un-clarity, or fuzzy memory/flashback.

- Montage editing
Is a serious on montage which is a series of shots that are not in sequential order, continuous or relate to each other.